Enable users in YCQL

• YSQL
• YCQL

YCQL authentication is based on roles. Roles can be created with superuser, non-superuser, and login privileges. New roles can be created, and existing ones altered or dropped by administrators using YCQL commands.

Default user and password

When you start a YugabyteDB cluster, the YB-Master and YB-TServer services are launched using the default user, named cassandra.

When YCQL authentication is enabled, all users (including cassandra) require a password to log in to a YugabyteDB database.

If you start a secure universe using yugabyted, the credentials for the universe, including password, are output to a credentials file. The location of the credentials file is output to the console.

Otherwise, the default cassandra user has a default password of cassandra.

Enable YCQL authentication

• yugabyted
• Manual

$ ./bin/yugabyted start --secure

$ ./bin/yugabyted start --use_cassandra_authentication=true

./bin/yb-tserver \
  --tserver_master_addrs <master addresses> \
  --fs_data_dirs <data directories> \
  --use_cassandra_authentication=true \
  >& /home/centos/disk1/yb-tserver.out &

For more information on deploying universes, refer to Deploy.

Open the YCQL shell (ycqlsh)

A new YugabyteDB cluster with authentication enabled starts with the default admin user of cassandra. Note that this default user has SUPERUSER privilege. You can connect to the cluster and use the YCQL shell by running the following ycqlsh command from the YugabyteDB home directory:

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u cassandra -p <password>

You should see the cluster connect and the following prompt:

Connected to local cluster at 127.0.0.1:9042.
[ycqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.9-SNAPSHOT | CQL spec 3.4.2 | Native protocol v4]
Use HELP for help.
cassandra@ycqlsh>

Create users

Use the CREATE ROLE command to create a new role. Users are roles that have the LOGIN privilege granted to them. Roles created with the SUPERUSER option in addition to the LOGIN option have full access to the database. Superusers can run all the YCQL commands on any of the database resources.

Note that by default, creating a role does not grant the LOGIN or the SUPERUSER privileges, these need to be explicitly granted.

Create a user

For example, to create a regular user john with the password PasswdForJohn and grant login privileges, run the following command.

cassandra@ycqlsh> CREATE ROLE IF NOT EXISTS john WITH PASSWORD = 'PasswdForJohn' AND LOGIN = true;

If the role john already existed, the above statement will not error out as you have added the IF NOT EXISTS clause. To verify the user account just created, run the following query:

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles;

You should see the following output.

 role      | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------
      john |      True |        False |          []
 cassandra |      True |         True |          []

(2 rows)

Create a superuser

The SUPERUSER status should be given only to a limited number of users. Applications should generally not access the database using an account that has the superuser privilege.

Only a role with the SUPERUSER privilege can create a new role with the SUPERUSER privilege, or grant it to an existing role.

To create a superuser admin with the LOGIN privilege, run the following command using a superuser account:

cassandra@ycqlsh> CREATE ROLE admin WITH PASSWORD = 'PasswdForAdmin' AND LOGIN = true AND SUPERUSER = true;

To verify the admin account just created, run the following query.

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles;

You should see the following output.

 role      | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------
     admin |      True |         True |          []
      john |      True |        False |          []
 cassandra |      True |         True |          []

(3 rows)

Reset password for a superuser

Superusers can alter the passwords of other users including the admin user. However, if you have lost or forgotten the password of the only superuser, you can reset the password. To do this, you need to set the ycql_allow_non_authenticated_password_reset YB-TServer flag to true. To enable the password reset feature, you must first set the use_cassandra_authentication flag to false.

For example, to reset the password for the admin superuser created in Create a superuser, do the following:

1. Set use_cassandra_authentication to false and ycql_allow_non_authenticated_password_reset to true as follows:

   ./bin/yb-tserver \
     --tserver_master_addrs <master addresses> \
     --use_cassandra_authentication=false \
     --ycql_allow_non_authenticated_password_reset=true
   

2. Change the password using ycqlsh as follows:

   cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE admin WITH PASSWORD = <updatedPassword>
   

3. Set use_cassandra_authentication to true and ycql_allow_non_authenticated_password_reset to false as follows:

   ./bin/yb-tserver \
     --tserver_master_addrs <master addresses> \
     --use_cassandra_authentication=true \
     --ycql_allow_non_authenticated_password_reset=false
   

4. Log in to ycqlsh with the updated password as follows:

   ./bin/ycqlsh -u admin -p <updatedPassword>
   

Connect using non-default credentials

You can connect to a YCQL cluster with authentication enabled as follows:

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u <username> -p <password>

Alternatively, you can omit the -p <password> above and you will be prompted for a password.

As an example of connecting as a user, you can log in with the credentials of the user john that you created above by running the following command and entering the password when prompted:

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u john

As an example of connecting as the admin user, you can run the following command.

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u admin -p PasswdForAdmin

Edit user accounts

You can edit existing user accounts using the ALTER ROLE statement. Note that the role making these changes should have sufficient privileges to modify the target role.

Change the password for a user

To change the password for john above, you can do:

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE john WITH PASSWORD = 'new-password';

Grant and remove superuser privileges

In the example above, you can verify that john is not a superuser:

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles WHERE role='john';

 role | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
------+-----------+--------------+-----------
 john |      True |        False |          []

(1 rows)

To grant superuser privileges to john, run the following command.

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE john WITH SUPERUSER = true;

We can now verify that john is now a superuser.

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles WHERE role='john';

 role | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
------+-----------+--------------+-----------
 john |      True |         True |          []

(1 rows)

Similarly, you can revoke superuser privileges by running:

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE john WITH SUPERUSER = false;

Enable and disable login privileges

In the example above, you can verify that john can log in to the database by doing the following:

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles WHERE role='john';

 role | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
------+-----------+--------------+-----------
 john |      True |        False |          []

(1 rows)

To disable login privileges for john, run the following command.

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE john WITH LOGIN = false;

You can verify this as follows.

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles WHERE role='john';

 role | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
------+-----------+--------------+-----------
 john |     False |        False |          []

(1 rows)

Trying to log in as john using ycqlsh will throw the following error.

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u john
Password:
Connection error:
  ... message="john is not permitted to log in"

To re-enable login privileges for john, run the following command.

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE john WITH LOGIN = true;

Change default admin credentials

It is highly recommended to change at least the default password for the superuser in real world deployments to keep the database cluster secure.

For example, to change the cassandra user password from cassandra to new_password, do the following:

cassandra@ycqlsh> ALTER ROLE cassandra WITH PASSWORD = 'new_password';

Connecting to the cluster with the default password no longer works:

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u cassandra -p cassandra

Connection error:
  ... Provided username 'cassandra' and/or password are incorrect ...

You can now connect to the cluster using the new password:

$ ./bin/ycqlsh -u cassandra -p new_password

Delete users

You can delete a user with the DROP ROLE command.

For example, to drop the user john in the above example, run the following command as a superuser:

cassandra@ycqlsh> DROP ROLE IF EXISTS john;

You can verify that the john role was dropped as follows:

cassandra@ycqlsh> SELECT role, can_login, is_superuser, member_of FROM system_auth.roles;

 role      | can_login | is_superuser | member_of
-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------
     admin |      True |         True |          []
 cassandra |      True |         True |          []

(2 rows)